The Princes of Liechtenstein held their title for 219 years before one of them moved in. The principality was created in 1719; Franz Josef II became the first reigning prince to live permanently at Vaduz Castle, arriving in 1938. Until then the court governed from Vienna, some 600 kilometres east. The state still covers only 160 square kilometres, and the Rhine draws its entire western border with Switzerland. A private tour from Zurich to Liechtenstein ends by crossing that river. The corridor between them is older than either border. Roman traffic moved through Sargans; medieval carters followed the Walensee shore, where limestone walls drop a thousand metres to the water. Zurich to Liechtenstein day trips still trace that line. At the valley's mouth sits Maienfeld, a wine town of roughly 3,000 people in the Bündner Herrschaft, planted mostly with Pinot Noir. Johanna Spyri set Heidi on the slopes above it in 1880. Heididorf, the reconstructed hamlet at Oberrofels, charges 14.9 CHF for adult admission and keeps goats that behave much as the novel promised. The book has since been translated into more than 50 languages. Vaduz holds fewer than 6,000 residents. Its castle, first recorded in the twelfth century, stays closed to the public because the reigning family lives inside it. Below it the Städtle runs some 500 metres past the Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein — a black basalt cube opened in 2000 — the parliament building of 2008, and the postal museum that carries stamps issued since 1912. Private tour from Zurich to Liechtenstein tours usually add Balzers, where Gutenberg Castle sits on a rock above the Rhine plain. What survives here is scale. Liechtenstein disbanded its army in 1868 and has never built an airport, yet its workshops export dental prosthetics and power tools worldwide. On the Swiss side, Heidiland trades on a children's book and on thermal water that surfaces at 36.5 degrees in the Tamina Gorge. Four-country day trips from Zurich pass the same rock walls twice. A private tour from Zurich to Liechtenstein tour reads that valley slowly: two sovereign states, one river, and a shared history of moving goods and stories through a narrow gap in the Alps.